Faktor-Faktor Penentu Pembiayaan Bank Islam Selama Ketidakstabilan Ekonomi

Abstract

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Distribution of Sharia Bank Financing During Economic Instability: Case Analysis in Indonesia. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused instability in Indonesia's economic growth, which in turn has disrupted the performance of Islamic banks in distributing financing. This research aims to evaluate the influence of factors such as economic turbulence, third party deposits, bank size, capital and profitability on the amount of financing disbursed by sharia banks in Indonesia. The research population includes Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia during the 2017-2022 period. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling method, which resulted in ten Islamic banks as samples. Data analysis was carried out using a panel data analysis approach by applying a fixed effect model. The research results show that third party deposits have a significant positive influence on the amount of financing disbursed by Islamic banks. On the other hand, bank size and capital show a significant negative influence on the amount of financing. However, there is no significant effect of economic turbulence and profitability on the amount of financing. When financing was analyzed based on contract type, it was found that economic turbulence had a negative impact on profit sharing based financing, while profitability had a negative impact on receivables based financing. These findings contribute to sharia banks in maintaining the availability of third party deposit funds to support the expansion of financing distribution. Apart from that, banks can further optimize their capital by directing distribution to more productive assets in the form of financing. These findings can also provide empirical support for business cycle theory, showing that Islamic banks tend to implement tightening profit sharing-based financing policies when facing higher risks.